Pneumonia

It is considered pneumonia to be artful illness. At a seeming simplicity of process (a bacterial inflammation of a fabric of a lung) it is rather diverse in the displays. Frequently the pneumonia is shown in such a manner that to suspect a pathology from lungs not too simply. Such feature of this illness is connected by that a huge role play age and conditions in which the pneumonia develops. The activators (bacteria) causing a pneumonia at the baby, the ill house, and at the elderly person who has ill during stay in hospital, essentially different, accordingly both displays, and treatment, and the forecast at these patients cardinally differ.

In most cases it is necessary to collide with a pneumonia which is complication SARS or with a pneumonia which begins at once, without any previous colds.

In this case the circle of microbes which doctors cause a pneumonia, and is known, selecting an antibiotic for treatment, are guided by this list of potentially possible activators. Necessity to consider what microbe has caused an inflammation, is dictated to what not all antibiotics act on all microbes. The choice of an antibiotic depends on that, how much concrete bacterium is sensitive to action of an antibacterial preparation.

The pneumonia is characterized, as was already spoken, varied symptoms.

Sudden rise of temperature up to 40 degrees, accompanied all over again dry cough, extremely bad state of health, a short wind (that is any physical activity, even minimal, causes the speeded up heavy breath). Thus there can be pains in the breasts amplifying at cough and deep breath. The pain can give to a stomach or is simple the stomach can hurt only. At a deep breath the fit of coughing is possible. Sometimes there is a reddening one cheek (from that side where the pain is marked). All this conforms so-called croupous to a pneumonia at which the inflammation covers the most part of a lung. Not all from the described symptoms are present necessarily, but the temperature, cough and sharp weakness meet practically constantly.

Illness begins as usual SARS: a cold, cough, temperature. After a while the temperature falls, and then again raises and does not decrease any more. It too a variant of current of a pneumonia.

The temperature does not rise above 38 degrees, but keeps almost constantly at this level, is accompanied by cough, weakness. It also can be a pneumonia.

At children criteria which should guard concerning possible presence of a pneumonia, the following are: duration of temperature above 38 degrees within three and more days; a short wind (the speeded up breath); sharp slackness, drowsiness.

The final diagnosis can be put only on the basis of x-ray of a thorax.

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Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (vorum tremens) is the chronic progressing disease of a brain for the first time was described in 1817 by J. Parkinson. Patients who has Parkinson's disease often suffer from involuntary trembling finitenesses (tremor), muscular rigidity, infringements of coordination and speech, and also experience difficulties with movement. These symptoms usually occurs after 60 years though cases of Parkinson's disease are known in the age of 50 years are more younger.

Parkinson's disease is a progressing disease, i.e. its symptoms and appearance eventually become aggravated and worsen. However, in spite of the fact that finally Parkinson's disease leads to physical inability and loss of capacity, disease progresses slowly, and even after statement of the diagnosis the majority of patients as early as long years can conduct a high-grade life.

Moreover, unlike other serious neurological diseases, Parkinson's disease gives in to treatment. Often resort to medicamentous treatment, or implant in a brain the special device stimulating brain activity. In extreme cases resort to surgical intervention - operations on a brain a method stereotaxis which essence consists in destruction of a small zone in subcrustal structures of a brain. Searches of effective means of treatment of Parkinson's disease now proceed.

Symptoms of Parkinson's disease

The first symptoms of Parkinson's disease is difficult to notice, as, for example, an immovability of hands at walking, an easy tremor in fingers of one hand or insignificant infringements of speech. Patients feel a devastation, a breakdown, depressions are subject or suffer from a sleeplessness. Besides habitual employment (a shower, shaving, cooking, etc.) require major efforts and borrow more time.

Other symptoms of Parkinson's disease

* Tremor. The tremor often begins with easy trembling hands or even separate fingers. Sometimes the tremor of hands is accompanied by the non-uniform movement of the big and average fingers reminding overrolling of invisible pills (so-called «a syndrome of driving of pills»). Sometimes there is also a tremor of the bottom finitenesses. These symptoms can be more expressed on one party of a body or be shown symmetrically and to be combined with other symptoms of defeat of nervous system. the Tremor is especially shown by infringements of coordination, sensitivity, when the patient is in a condition of stress. Though the tremor of finitenesses causes significant inconveniences, it does not lead to loss of capacity and disappears only when the patient sleeps. Many patients with Parkinson's disease suffer only from an insignificant tremor.

* Slowness of movement (bradykinesia). In due course Parkinson's disease "acquires" new symptoms, among which slowness and awkwardness of movements, as well as infringement of coordination. Rigidity of muscles of legs can complicate movement, gait is broken. It especially annoyingly as complicates performance of the elementary actions.

* Rigidity of muscles. Often there is a rigidity of muscles of neck and finitenesses. In some cases rigidity even holds down movements and hurts.

* Loss of balance. Parkinson's disease, especially in a heavy condition, it is often accompanied by inability to keep balance. For many years this problem remains insignificant and does not cause discomfort.

* Loss of automatism of movements. Blinking, occurrence of a smile and flourish hands at walking - automatic actions of a normal organism which are carried out at a subconscious level and even besides our desire. At patients with Parkinson's disease this automatism of movements often vanishes, and and sometimes and disappears absolutely. In some cases on the person of patients expression of the steadfast and intense attention, a unblinking sight is fixed. At some patients, except for a mimicry, ability to gesticulation vanishes also.

* Infringement of an articulation. Many patients also suffer from infringement of speech - it can become slightly modulated, illegible. The voice loses intonations and becomes monotonous and silent. For older people it represents a special problem, as badly hearing elderly co-habitants can simply not hear them.

* Infringement of swallowing and salivation. This symptom appears at late stages of development of illness, but, with rare exception, patients with this symptom nevertheless are capable to accept food independently.

* Dementia. The insignificant percent of patients suffers from dementia - inability to think, understand and remember. This symptom also appears at recent stages of disease. Though dementia consider as display of Alzheimer's disease is more often, it can accompany and other serious diseases, including Parkinson's disease. In this case delay of thought processes and inability attests to the beginning of dementia to concentrate.

Reasons of occurrence of Parkinson's disease

For those 200 years that have passed from the moment of opening Parkinson's disease, scientists were possible to understand some aspects and processes of this most complicated disease.

Today it is known, that many symptoms and displays of Parkinson's disease develop owing to damage or destruction of the certain nervous terminations, located in black substance of a brain. In a normal condition these nervous cells develop dopamine. Function of dopamine consists in smooth transfer of impulses for maintenance of normal movements. At Parkinson's disease production of dopamine decreases, normal transfer of nervous impulses is broken and there are basic symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

During ageing all people lose some part developing of dopamine neutrons. But patients with Parkinson's disease lose more than half of the neutrons located in black substance. Though there is a degeneration and other cells of a brain, the cells developing of dopamine, are necessary for movement, therefore their loss is catastrophic. The reasons of damage or destruction of these cells till now is object of many researches. In opinion of scientists, Parkinson's disease can develop owing to an adverse combination of genetic and external factors. The certain medicines, illnesses and toxic substances also can create a clinical picture, characteristic for Parkinson's disease.

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Brain edema

Brain edema - the pathological condition, described accumulation of a liquid in a fabric of a brain and intracranial hypertensia clinically shown by a syndrome.

There are 4 basic kinds of brain edema:

- cellulotoxic
- vasogenic
- interstitial
- osmotic.

They differ by etiology, time of development, localization and methods of preventive maintenance and treatment

Cellulotoxic edema appears because of swelling glia, neurocyte and endotheliocyte and begins in some minutes after damage of a brain, for example hypoxia. As a result of decrease in a metabolism activity Na+, K+-AT phases a cellular membrane is broken. Sodium collects in a cell, and on a gradient of osmotic pressure in a cell water starts to act. Cellulotoxic edema is localized basically in grey substance of a brain.

Vasogenic edema is the most frequent version of a hypostasis of a brain. It develops because of increase of permeability of capillaries. Through a wall of capillaries in extracellular space there are fibers, and after them - water. vasogenic edema is localized basically in white substance of a brain.

Interstitial edema develops at a hydrocephaly because of difficulty of outflow pressure inside ventricle of a brain raises. Under the action of this pressure there is a strengthened filtration of water and low-molecular substances in the fabric of a brain surrounding ventricles.

The ischemia of a brain leads all over again to cellulotoxic, and then - to vasogenic edema. Thus, the pathophysiological picture is so usual that some people suggest to use the term "an ischemic edema". In the first minutes of an ischemia develops cellulotoxic edema mentioning mainly astrocytes which are located around of capillaries. If blood supply is quickly restored, these changes happen to be backwards. Otherwise because of swelling of astrocytes and endothelial cells the gleam of capillaries is narrowed so, even after restoration of blood supply blood can not act in capillaries. It aggravates an ischemia and necrosis.

In a phase vasogenic edema permeability of a wall of capillaries raises. It is shown, that it occurs cause of pinocytosis increases and as a result of infringement of dense contacts between cells of endothelium. After restoration of a blood-groove permeability of blood-brain barrier increases even more. As well as at other forms of vasogenic edema.

Simultaneously with cellulotoxic and vasogenic edema necrosis develops. Glia and neurocyte in a greater degree are subject of necrosis in comparison with endothelium. In process of their destruction in intercellular substance of a brain osmotically active substances that leads to an even greater output of water from capillaries collect.

The ischemic hypostasis reaches a maximum on 2-4-е day after a heart attack and decreases by the end of the second week. Further in the field of necrosis inflammatory reaction, including phagocytosis develops. Within several day or weeks necrotic weights resolve, and the hypostasis disappears. Believe, that the hypostasis can cause an ischemia and by that to increase a zone of a heart attack.

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What is epilepsy?

Epilepsy is a condition when post convulsive attacks are repeated. However, the diagnosis of epilepsy is set up only in case if the person have had at least two attacks and if no any other illness causing attacks is proved. Epilepsy is not infectious and is not mental disease.

How often it occurs?

This illness is observed approximately at 7 of 1000 children in the age of under 16 years; and at 1 from 200 of adults.

When it occurs?

Attacks often occurs at newborns and children with diseases of a heat. It does not mean, that at the child will develop in the subsequent epilepsy.

Epilepsy can develop at any person at any age, but begins at children and teenagers is more often: at 75 % of people with the epilepsy the diagnosis is put in the age under 20 years. At more recent age the reason of occurrence of epilepsy can become craniocereberal traumas, insults, tumors of a brain. The number of such cases of epilepsy sharply increases among people older 60 years.

What are the reasons of occurrence?

There is no unified reason of occurrence of epilepsy. The majority of forms of epilepsy is not inherited, but can occur a little bit more often in some families. About 40 % of patients with epilepsy have close relatives with this disease. There is a set of various types of post convulsive attacks with a various degree of weight. The attack which begins from one certain site of a brain, refers to fractional or focal. If the attack covers at once all brain from the beginning it is generalized. Some attacks can begin from one site, and then extend on all brain and become generalized. Organic infringements of a structure of a brain (a tumor, scars from traumas, an insult) detect at people with fractional by attacks is more often. In 70 % of cases the reason of epilepsy is unknown.

The most popular reasons of occurrence are:

- A craniocereberal trauma
- An insult
- Tumors of a brain
- Lack of oxygen and blood supply at a birth
- Infringements of a structure of a brain
- A meningitis, virus and parasitic diseases, an abscess of a brain
- Hereditary factors

What are necessary inspections?

To set the correct diagnosis, the doctor in details finds out all symptoms of an attack, sequence of their development, frequency and their stereotype. As illnesses of the patient and its relatives for revealing disease which can cause development of an attack are studied all.

The further inspection depends on of this type attack, age of the patient, results of the analysis of its case record and clinical survey. Often statement of the diagnosis is helped by the description of an attack the witness of its progress (the person who has transferred an attack, as a rule, of it does not remember).

In addition to clinical survey it is necessarily to check the electroencephalography. This painless procedure represents record of bio electric activity of a brain. Carrying out of a resonant tomography or a computer tomography.

What are consequences?

People with epilepsy often collide that their attacks strongly frighten associates. Children cannot participate in some sports and other kinds of activity, schoolmates can avoid them. Despite of correct selection anti epileptic therapies occurrence of hyperactive behavior and difficulties in training is possible.

Restriction of some kinds of activity, for example, driving of the car, can lower mood, cause alarm. Treatment of people with heavy uncontrollable forms of epilepsy should include discussion of social, emotional and personal changes which can accompany with disease.

How it is treated?

Modern treatment completely prevents progress of attacks, and patients with the epilepsy can conduct a normal way of life. Objective of treatment is full elimination of attacks with the minimal by-effects.

Now the most widespread way of prevention of development of attacks is daily reception antiepileptic preparations there is a wide range of them. Some of them operate only at the certain types of epilepsy. By-effects in case of their occurrence absolutely differently proceed at various patients. In this connection very important precisely to follow instructions of the attending physician. With the epilepsy medical consultation up to and during pregnancy is necessary for women. At pregnancy it is not necessary to interrupt sharply reception anti epileptic medicines at all.

If medicinal treatment does not allow to supervise attacks, probably to remove the damaged site of a brain surgical by. To define, whether it is necessary to be treated in a similar way, the inspection including record of an attack with use of video and electroencephalography of the equipment is necessary highly specially.

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Papilloma

The papilloma (an infection of papilloma) has been known to gynecologists for a long time. It is described by doctors of the Ancient Greece under the name condyloma. Papillomas name also as interlabial verrugas. In the end of 60th of 19th century when there were methodical opportunities of studying of a virus infection, from interlabial verrugas viruses have been allocated. The structure had them much in common with virus particles of vulgar verrugas of skin. Later specific subtypes of viruses of papilloma have been allocated at woman with condylomas of genital tracts.

Contagion of papillomas occurs only by genital tracks. Papillomas amaze basically the young women leading an active sexual life with different partners. Last years growth of viruses of papilloma infections is noted. Distinguish papillomas in the form of peaked condylomas, flat and inverting condylomas.

The virus of papilloma can be transferred through direct contact between external covers of the infected and not infected person. Defeat of a mucous coat by papilloma of genitals results from sexual contact. Peaked condylomas is frequent, at 65-70 % of ill people, reveal at inspection at both sexual partners. Quite often papillomas are combined with other venereal diseases. Probably intra-uterine contamination of a papilloma virus, and as at passage through patrimonial ways. Besides the reason of occurrence of papilloma newborns can have an infection a papilloma a virus through blood, milk, clothes, etc.

Papillomas (peaked condylomas) have exophytic growth, settle down mainly in the field of greater and small genital lips, less often in a vagina and on a cervix uteri. Growth of condylomas at an external aperture of a urethra and around of back passage is sometimes observed.

Papillomas (peaked condylomas) usually happen plural, that has served as an occasion for definition by their term condylomatosis. Peaked condylomas act above a surface of a skin and mucous coat, have a thin petiole, less often — the wide basis. Their consistence soft or firm. At plentiful growth of condylomas remind a structure of a cauliflower. Condylomas of a skin of external genitals have the albesent or brownish color, developing on mucous coat — light pink or reddish painting.

Microscopically papillomas consist of epithelial tissue (multilayered flat) and osculant stroma in which pass vessels. Superficial cells of epithelial tissue of condyloma usually have character as cornific.

Papilloma - removal and preventive maintenance.

Papillomas can be eliminated the different ways: by cold spell, by high-frequency coagulation or by laser. Thus it is necessary to remember that even removal of papillomas does not guarantee the patient against their repeated formation. The virus of papilloma of the person is a virus disease and the person remains the carrier of a virus within several years. Therefore by way of preventive maintenance against occurrence of papillomas it is necessary to take care os all organism as a whole.

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Symptoms of an arthritis, development and national methods of treatment

Whence the arthritis undertakes? It is no wonder: we work for wear, all the day long sitting in a chair, we transfer colds on legs, we wear clothing not on a season, and we read only in books about a healthy way of life. Naturally, it strikes serious blow on our joints, and, after some time, the arthritis can develop.
The reasons of occurrence of an arthritis set also could be a trauma, excessive physical activity. The arthritis can develop as well with diseases of nervous system or infringement of a metabolism. To occurrence of an arthritis assist not only hereditary pathologies of bones and joints, but also excess weight, smoking. The arthritis can be consequence of surgical intervention on joints.
Irrespective of the reasons of occurrence of an arthritis, the metabolism in joints, intraarticulate a cartilage getting thin that leads to its inflammation, puffiness, deformations and development of arthrosis is broken.

Symptoms of an arthritis are well familiar: a frequent pain and a swelling of joints, constraint in movements, especially in the mornings. Subsequently – weakness, fast fatigue, aching periodic pains, a sleeplessness and, from time to time, rise in temperature.

Listen to yourself. If you have suddenly noticed, that in the mornings fingers of hands not such flexible as it is usual, and, in due course, to develop them there is all longer and longer; then joints start to ache a bit is an arthritis! And, if an arthritis to not start to treat, through any time the form of joints, that already – display arthrosis starts to vary. If you have found out first attributes of an arthritis – do not pull, do not wait! Go to visit doctor immediately.
Medicamentous treatment of an arthritis, physiotherapeutic procedures, medical gymnastics slow down destruction of a cartilage, and will allow you to keep long time mobility of joints and will relieve of painful sensations

Various diseases of joints now suffers about 70 % of adults. The more we become senior, the more strongly threat of diseases, more difficultly they are treated by that. The arthritis in most cases starts to be shown in 40-50 years. And it is more dangerous also because, that can cause complications on heart.

The national recipes, helping to remove a painful syndrome at an arthritis
- The Indian doctors, being based on thousand-year experience, have found out, that eaten 2-3 crude garlic in day will help to support your joints in a mobile condition and will protect them from puffiness, and you – from painful sensations.

- For clarification and preventive maintenance of an arthritis by good means are juicy mixes, especially in the mornings because at this time juices are well acquired by an organism. The most useful mixes:
1. Carrots, a beet, a cucumber in a proportion 10:3:3 accordingly.
2. Carrots, cabbage, leaves of salad in a proportion 8:4:4 accordingly.
3. Carrots, spinach in a proportion 10:6 accordingly.
To drink such mixes it is necessary daily within a month.

- If at night from a pain strongly reduces hands, take woolen gloves, wet them in a solution of table salt at the rate of: 1 spoon of salt on 1 glass of water. Put gloves on for about half an hour, wring out, dry and put on night. Since morning grease hands with a cream that the leather has not suffered.

- At a pain in joints it is good to apply radio procedures:
1.5 drops of a pine oil, 3 drops a lavender oil, 3 drops of a lemon oil, 1 spoon of an olive oil.
2.5 drops of a lemon oil, 4 drops of an eucalyptus oil, 4 drops of a lavender oil, 1 spoon of a grapes oil.

Components of the chosen structure to mix and rub massage movements in a sick joint. Then to tie a soft woolen fabric and to provide to a joint rest.

Do not forget to do daily gymnastics for the prevention and treatments of an arthritis, but it is obligatory after consultation of the doctor because some exercises can be counter-indicative to you!

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Mammalogy

Mammalogy – the area of medicine allocated for the decision of problems, diagnostics and treatments of diseases of a mammary gland.

Mammalogy studies a structure of mammary glands, and also their pathological and physiological conditions. The rhythm of a life of the modern woman assumes regular stresses, presence of bad habits, a wrong feed – all it affects a condition of a female breast. Despite of steadfast attention to own breast, women not at once address to the expert at occurrence of any unpleasant symptoms. And it is absolutely vain, since mammalogy allows to treat set of diseases at an initial stage without operative intervention.

Mammalogy uses the complex approach to treatment that allows to treat following diseases successfully:

- Broken breast
- Treatment of broken breast
- Cancer of a mammary gland
- Adenoma of a mammary gland
- Cyst of a mammary gland
- Mastitis



Mammalogy studies a structure of mammary glands, and also their pathological and physiological conditions. The rhythm of a life of the modern woman assumes regular stresses, presence of bad habits, a wrong feed – all it affects a condition of a female breast. Despite of steadfast attention to own breast, women not at once address to the expert at occurrence of any unpleasant symptoms. And it is absolutely vain, since mammalogy allows to treat set of diseases at an initial stage without operative intervention.

Mammalogy uses the complex approach to treatment that allows to treat following diseases successfully:

- Broken breast
- Treatment of broken breast
- Cancer of a mammary gland
- Adenoma of a mammary gland
- Cyst of a mammary gland
- Mastitis

Consultation of the expert of mammalogy is necessary for you in following cases:

- Painful sensations in a breast
- Condensation in the field of mammary glands
- Allocation from mamilla
- Change of the sizes of mammary glands
- Asymmetry of mammary glands
- Reddening or change of the form of a leather around a dummy or in other areas of glands
- Hypostasis of a mammary gland
- Ulcer on a leather of a mammary gland
- Pains in armpits
- Operation of a mammary gland
- Trauma of a mammary gland
- Inflammation of a mammary gland

Mammalogy at the present stage offers following methods of diagnostics of diseases of a mammary gland:

- Palpation – survey of the expert, palpation of a mammary gland
- Mammography – x-ray of a mammary gland
- Ultrasonic inspection
- Puncture – research of cells of a fabric of mammary glands

For diagnostics of such diseases at an early stage it is necessary to pass on a regular basis survey at the expert. Frequency of surveys depends on age of the woman, its heredity, presence of gynecologic diseases and complaints. The illness found out at an early stage gives in to effective enough treatment.

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